Abstract
The presented study focuses on the development and optimization of a powerful electroanalytical platform for the direct quantification of diazepam (DZP). This innovative approach integrates a batch injection analysis (BIA) system with a screen-printed electrode arrangement employing square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). The BIA-SWAdSV method underwent a comprehensive evaluation, wherein various experimental and instrumental parameters were systematically examined in detail. Beneficial analytical performance for detecting DZP was attained in Britton-Robinson buffer with pH 6.0, with an amplitude of 75 mV, a frequency of 10 Hz, a deposition potential of –1.2 V, a deposition time of 150 s, an injection volume of 75 μl, a dispensing rate of 7 μl s−1 and without stirring during the deposition step. Under these conditions, the proposed BIA-SWAdSV method demonstrated an adequately broad linear concentration range from 5 μM to 40 μM (R 2 = 0.997) with a micromolar limit of detection (2.0 μM) and a satisfactory precision (RSD = 5.0%). The practical applicability of the newly established and powerful analytical protocol was confirmed through the analysis of pharmaceuticals and a fortified samples of an alcoholic drink (rum) associated with potential criminal activities involving DZP abuse.
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