Power To X Systems: STATE-OF-THE-ART (PTX)

Abstract

Fossil consumption in energy-intensive and transportations is related to the progressive emission of greenhouse gases. Hydrogen, as a viable energy carrier, is an ideal contender for meeting the world's energy demand while also reducing hazardous emissions. Research and development of storage systems with performance characteristics consistent with main application needs will be critical to achieving such goals. In batteries, lithium or nickel are replacing lead to better suit the wide range of technical and economic criteria in both traditional and new applications. The wide range of hydrogen requirements in energy systems and the transportation sector justifies work on solid states (metal hydrides and carbon nanostructures) or chemical systems (chemical hydrides). This article provides an overview of this concept entitled power-to-X (PTX) of hydrogen production methods based on renewable and sustainable energy.