Abstract
The variable and unpredictable behavior of renewable energies impacts the performance of power systems negatively, threatening their stability and hindering their efficient operation. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices are able to emulate the connection of parallel and series impedances in the transmission system, which improves the regulation of power systems with a high share of renewables, avoiding congestions, enhancing their response in front of contingencies and, in summary, increasing their utilization and reliability. Proper control of voltage and current under distorted and unbalanced transient grid conditions is one of the most critical issues in the control of FACTS devices to emulate such apparent impedances. This paper describes how the synchronous power controller (SPC) can be used to implement virtually synchronous FACTS. It presents the SPC functionalities, emphasizing in particular the importance of virtual admittance emulation by FACTS devices in order to control transient unbalanced currents during faults and attenuate harmonics. Finally, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPC-based FACTS devices in improving power quality of electrical networks. This is a result of their contribution to voltage balancing at point of connection during asymmetrical faults and the improvement of grid voltage quality by controlling harmonics flow.
Highlights
The continuously increasing penetration of renewable energies (REN), wind and PV generation, is gradually reducing the conventional synchronous generation share from the energy mix
The simulation results shown have demonstrated how synchronous power controller (SPC)-based flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) can Thethe experimental setup used for obtaining results consistsand of two
The SPC-based FACTS detects the grid voltage reduction atand the start increasing the reactive current injected into the grid
Summary
The continuously increasing penetration of renewable energies (REN), wind and PV generation, is gradually reducing the conventional synchronous generation share from the energy mix. The grid codes require modern REN plants to integrate certain grid-interactive functionalities in order to make their response compatible with the natural behavior of the electrical grid in case of grid events [2,3] In this regard, the power converters used in modern REN plants need additional functionalities, to provide voltage and frequency support during faults by remaining connected to the grid, known as low-voltage ride-through (LVRT), and to inject instantaneous reactive power. Other mechanisms are necessary for improving power system performance in the area level These mechanisms should address issues related to congestion, contingencies, oscillations, inefficiencies and instabilities resulting from the inherent intermittence and lack of inertia of REN power plants. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) have demonstrated to be an effective approach that enhances controllability and increases utilization of power systems
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