Abstract
The integration of hybrid renewable energy sources (HRESs) into the grid is currently being encouraged to meet the increasing demand for electric power and reduce fossil fuels which are causing environmental-related problems. Integration of HRESs into the grid can create some power quality (PQ) problems. To mitigate PQ problems and improve the performance of grid-connected HRESs some flexible devices should be used. This paper presents a distributed power flow controller (DPFC), as a type of flexible device to mitigate some PQ problems, including voltage sag, swell, disruptions, and eliminating the harmonics in a hybrid power system (HPS). The HPS presented in this work comprises a photo voltaic (PV) system, wind turbine (WT) and battery energy storage system (BESS). As a result, black widow optimization (BWO) with DPFC with real and reactive power (DPFC-PQ) is built in this paper to solve the PQ issues in HRES systems. The main aim of the work is to mitigate PQ problems and compensate for load demand in the HRES scheme. The controller used to drive this DPFC-PQ is a fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller optimized by the black widow optimization (BWO) technique. To assess the capability of BWO in fine-tuning the FOPID controller parameters, twelve optimization techniques were presented: P&O, PSO, Cuckoo, GA, GSA, BBO, Whale, ESA, RFA, ASO, and EVORFA. Additionally, a comparison between the FOPID controller and the classical PI controller is introduced. The results showed that the proposed BWO-FOPID controller for DFPC had mitigated the PQ problems in grid-connected HRESs. The system’s performance with the presented BWO-FOPID controller is compared with eleven optimization techniques used to optimize the FOPID controller and also compared with the conventional PI controller. The design of the proposed system is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink platform and performances were analyzed.
Highlights
Introductionhybrid renewable energy sources (HRESs) are currently playing a vital role, as traditional energy sources face several challenges related to the usage of fossil fuels that have great negative environmental impacts
Power quality improvement in hybrid renewable energy sources (HRESs) grid-connected systems has become a more advanced research area in distributed generation (DG) integrated with HRES systems to eliminate power quality (PQ) problems
FACT devices are playing an important role in solving the PQ issues in the HRES integrated system
Summary
HRESs are currently playing a vital role, as traditional energy sources face several challenges related to the usage of fossil fuels that have great negative environmental impacts. HRESs can mitigate emissions and global warming in addition to their significant economic advantages [1]. Due to global economic problems and increasing ecological awareness, HRESs-based distributed generation (DG) is becoming more relevant [2]. Many HRESs have been implemented and integrated into the classical power networks, like wind energy, photovoltaic energy, fuel cells (FCs), and biomass [3]. Each RES has distinct characteristics different from other sources in terms of being AC or DC [4]. The PV and FC generated DC voltages with different levels, while wind energy generates either AC or DC based on the Sustainability 2021, 13, 11194.
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