Abstract
Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) provide a promising sustainable technological platform that has been proposed for multiple applications, including sediment bioremediation and power sources for environmental sensors. However, the practical applications of SMFC are restricted due to their limited output power. This review analyzes the limitations on output power and their causes. Then, a variety of strategies proposed to improve the power performance of SMFC, ranging from electrode modification to SMFC configuration optimization and energy harvesting strategies, are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, future challenges and perspectives are analyzed, with an expectation that SMFC technology can be further advanced. This review aims to provide insights into power performance improvement and practical applications of SMFC.
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