Abstract
Solid horns for "power ultrasonics" have been evaluated and designed by considering the particle velocity and the stress distribution along their axis. And the loss of energy and the energy flow by internal friction in the horns have usually been neglected. Even if they were considered, the vibration systems were analyzed as one-dimensional systems. Therefore, in this paper, solid horns for ultrasonics are treated as three-dimensional viscoelastic bodies by using the finite-element method and introducing the concept of "power flow". Then the relationship between the loss of energy or the energy flow and the shape of the horns is studied by the FEM analysis and the experiments. The generally used solid horns were evaluated and a new shape of the solid horn was presented from the viewpoint of energy transfer.
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