Abstract
Recent surveys in the energy harvesting system for seismic nodes show that, most often, a single energy source energizes the seismic system and fails most frequently. The major concern is the limited lifecycle of battery and high routine cost. Simplicity and inexperience have caused intermittent undersizing or oversizing of the system. Optimizing solar cell constraints is required. The hybridization of the lead-acid battery and supercapacitor enables the stress on the battery to lessen and increases the lifetime. An artificial neural network model is implemented to resolve the rapid input variations across the photovoltaic module. The best performance was attained at the epoch of 117 and the mean square error of 1.1176e-6 with regression values of training, test, and validation at 0.99647, 0.99724, and 0.99534, respectively. The paper presents simulations of Nsukka seismic node as a case study and to deepen the understanding of the system. The significant contributions of the study are (1) identification of the considerations of the PV system at a typical remote seismic node through energy transducer and storage modelling, (2) optimal sizing of PV module and lead-acid battery, and, lastly, (3) hybridization of the energy storage systems (the battery and supercapacitor) to enable the energy harvesting system to maximize the available ambient irradiance. The results show the neural network model delivered efficient power with duty cycles across the converter and relatively less complexities, while the supercapacitor complemented the lead-acid battery and delivered an overall efficiency of about 75 % .
Highlights
Dauda Duncan,1 Adamu Murtala Zungeru,1 Mmoloki Mangwala,1 Bakary Diarra,2 Bokani Mtengi,1 Thabo Semong,3 and Joseph M
A functional seismic node consists of a seismometer, seismic recorder, Global Positioning System (GPS) unit, and network interface, as shown in Figure 1. e node senses Earth vibrations, acquires the data continuously, and never goes to sleep. e seismometers are categorized based on sensing local, regional, or global Earth movements. e seismic recorder is an embedded system which processes data and controls and coordinates the activities of the node, and it runs on Linux or Windows operating system. e GPS Journal of Engineering
In a case study carried out in [6], the unstable power supply led to unpredictable sensor performance, and this resulted in erroneous observations that can be avoided by the continuous and steady power supply
Summary
Several approaches to energize remote nodes by energy harvesting systems have been reported in the literature. Us, a supercapacitor, which has a longer lifecycle and is more efficient than a battery, should be considered when implementing a solar energy harvesting system at remote nodes. E lead-acid battery is the usual energy storage deployed at the remote seismic node, which frequently gets depleted and unable to deliver throughout the seasons. Neural network algorithm has a fast response to nonuniform inputs of a PV system It deals with nonlinearity of a system and tracks maximum optimal power across the PV system [25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. E study in [33] used supercapacitor and battery as hybrid energy storage, charged by a solar energy harvesting source for remote sensor nodes. The loads across the PV system are not for operations such as remote seismic node where little funding, long-term, and sustainability are put into consideration. e case study at Nsukka seismic node is not different from the rest of the other seismic nodes in Africa. e neural network algorithm on the Matlab program trains historical data acquired by Perturb and Observe algorithm on the PSIM program and predicts duty cycles across the converter
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
