Abstract
Power cables have been in use in underground and submarine transmission for over a hundred years. With the increased interconnection between lands and integration with power generation from offshore renewable energy, the demand for submarine power cables is getting stronger. This article discusses the differences between power cables used for land and submarine application and also investigates the impact of AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current) operation on power cable designs. Specific technical issues with submarine power cables in both AC and DC applications are highlighted and addressed. Unless otherwise indicated, the discussion in this article focuses on the transmission level, that is, 110 kV (in the mainland Europe) or 132 kV/275 kV (in the UK) and above for both AC and DC applications. However, the content of this article should largely be valid for lower voltage power cables, such as inter-array cables linking offshore wind turbines to offshore substations or distribution links across rivers or linking islands located closely to the mainland. Owing to the length limitation on text, this article has not discussed issues in relation to the technical and practical deployment of high voltage submarine power cables.
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