Abstract
The integration of a flywheel as a power handling can increase the energy storage capacity and reduce the number of battery charge/discharge cycles. Furthermore, the ability of recovering energy of the vehicle during breaking can increase the system efficiency. The flywheel-based all-electric driveline investigated here has its novelty in the use of a double-wound flywheel motor/generator, which divides the system in two different voltage levels, enhancing the efficiency of the electric driveline. The connection of two AC electrical machines (i.e., the flywheel and the wheel motor) with different and variable operation frequency is challenging. A power matching control applied to an AC/DC/AC converter has been implemented. The AC/DC/AC converter regenerates the electric power converted during braking to the flywheel machine, used here as power handling device. By controlling the power balance, the same hardware can be used for acceleration and braking, providing the reduction of harmonics and robust response. A simulation of the complete system during braking mode has been performed both in Matlab and Simulink, and their results have been compared. The functionality of the proposed control has been shown and discussed, with full regeneration achieved. A round-trip efficiency (wheel to wheel) higher than 80% has been obtained.
Highlights
There is a clear trend in the automotive industry to use more electrical systems in order to satisfy the ever-growing vehicular load demands
The flywheel-based all-electric driveline investigated here has its novelty in the use of a double-wound flywheel motor/generator, which divides the system in two different voltage levels, enhancing the efficiency of the electric driveline
The AC/DC/AC converter regenerates the electric power converted during braking to the flywheel machine, used here as power handling device
Summary
There is a clear trend in the automotive industry to use more electrical systems in order to satisfy the ever-growing vehicular load demands. In electric vehicles reported in the literature, the power is transferred from the wheels directly to the main energy storage device (e.g., batteries) during regenerative braking [2]. Electric vehicle traction systems that combine a supercapacitor or flywheel peak power buffer with the battery energy source are called dual power sources. If a power buffer is used, it can handle all the great variations in power from the wheels instead of transferring them to the battery It can, increase the overall efficiency of the regenerative braking [15]. The system discussed here connects the wheel motor to an intermediate flywheel motor/generator, which works as a power handling device In this way, during regenerative braking, all the power is absorbed by the flywheel, and the battery is not charged at all.
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