Power analysis of robotic medical drill with different control approaches

Abstract

Increasing the efficiency of the systems used in surgical operations has become an important issue. Especially in orthopedic surgery, many surgical systems and instruments are used to reduce the workload of surgeons and increase the success of the operation. Surgical drills, which are one of these systems used in orthopedic surgery, are used in operations such as drilling, cutting and carving in various interventions. Cases such as drill sensitivity and stability are critical to operational success and patient health. In this study, an orthopedic drill design that can be added to a linear motion module or a 6-axis robot manipulator has been realized. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), which is one of the optimal controller methods, Proportional Integral (PI) Controller, which is one of the classical controller methods and Model Predictive Controller (MPC) systems from modern controller systems are designed to perform speed control task of the surgical drill. A drill integrated into the robot manipulator for a constant drilling speed of 120 rad/sec and a robot manipulator were used to provide constant feed rate (1 mm/s) and to drill holes at constant intervals during the drilling experiments. Power analysis is performed in real-time in bone drilling operations for three controllers. Current, and voltage information during drilling are recorded simultaneously in the experimental setup. In particular, it has been observed that the power signal and the force information of the bone in different layers are proportional.