Abstract
A study was conducted on the packing and cohesive properties of chloroquine phosphate in binary mixtures with lactose and dicalcium phosphate powders. The maximum volume reduction due to packing as expressed by the Kawakita constant, a, and the angle of internal flow, θ, were the assessment parameters. The individual powders were characterized for their particle size and shape using an optical microscope. Binary mixtures of various proportions of chloroquine phosphate with lactose and dicalcium phosphate powders were prepared. The bulk and tapped densities, angles of repose and internal flow, as well as compressibility index of the materials were determined using appropriate parameters. The calculated and determined values of maximum volume reduction for the binary mixtures were found to differ significantly (P< 0.05), with the Kawakita plot being more reliable in determining the packing properties. Diluent type was found to influence the flow properties of the mixtures, with dicalcium phosphate giving predictable results while mixtures containing lactose were anomalous with respect to flow. The characterization of the packing and cohesive properties of the binary mixtures of chloroquine with lactose and dicalcium phosphate would be useful in the production of powders, tablets, capsules and other drug delivery systems containing these powders with desirable and predictable flow properties.
Highlights
The packing and cohesive properties of powders are highly relevant in the course of powder mixing, filling of capsules with powders or granules, and filling of dies during tabletting operation. (Podczeck, Sharma, 1996)
Several models proposed for characterizing the behaviour of binary powder mixtures have been limited in that spherical shape is necessary for their validation (Westman, Hugill, 1932) or because they have addressed only a narrow particle size fraction (Newton, Bader, 1981) or the predictive power is lost with additional powder component (Staple, 1975)
The objective of the present study was to determine specific packing and cohesive properties of chloroquine phosphate, a common antimalarial drug, in binary mixtures with lactose and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) which are diluents used in its formulation as a tablet
Summary
The packing and cohesive properties of powders are highly relevant in the course of powder mixing, filling of capsules with powders or granules, and filling of dies during tabletting operation. (Podczeck, Sharma, 1996). Since most particles are not spherical or regularly shaped, particle shape is described by a scalar quantity known as shape factor or shape coefficient. This serves as a proportionality constant between mean particle diameter and particle surface area and volume. Shape coefficient serves in comparing results from experimental particle size measurements by different methods. Several models proposed for characterizing the behaviour of binary powder mixtures have been limited in that spherical shape is necessary for their validation (Westman, Hugill, 1932) or because they have addressed only a narrow particle size fraction (Newton, Bader, 1981) or the predictive power is lost with additional powder component (Staple, 1975)
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