Abstract
Powder metallurgy is one way of producing complex, graded structures that could allow material systems to be produced with properties tailored to individual applications. However, powder metallurgy requires that the semi-finished products are very similar to the final component. It is much more economical to produce simple semi-finished products and then combine them by powder forging and simultaneous compaction than forming complex components with the desired graded structure. However, it is absolutely necessary that the graded structure of the semi-finished products is maintained during the forming process. In this study, pre-sintered cylindrical semi-finished products, consisting of axially graded as well as radially graded components, were produced by powder forging at 1100 °C. The microstructures, densities and mechanical properties of the final components were investigated to verify the effectiveness of the process route. It was observed that the components formed solid structures after compaction, in which the reinforcing ZrO2 particles were fully integrated into the transformation-induced plasticity steel matrix.
Highlights
Constant progress, in the automotive and aerospace industries and in areas such as mechanical and plant engineering, requires materials and components that can withstand ever-increasing loads
We experimentally determined if the forming conditions for the production of axially graded components from a particle-reinforced metal matrix composite using powder forging can be used for the production of radially graded components
The results showed a very good agreement with experimentally determined values; (9) The transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect in the steel matrix as well as the tetragonal structure of ZrO2 remained even after powder forging and forming
Summary
In the automotive and aerospace industries and in areas such as mechanical and plant engineering, requires materials and components that can withstand ever-increasing loads. Modern materials are expected to have an increasing degree of mechanical, tribological, thermal and chemical resistance. A possible solution for this would be materials with properties specially tailored to the respective application. Such materials are functionally graded materials, as the properties of the components could be adapted locally. The aim of research in the field of graded materials is to develop materials in which components with different properties adapted to local requirements are optimally combined while avoiding interface problems [1,2,3,4]
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