Poverty Factors in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutyia)

Abstract

The Object of the Study The dynamics of indicators that comprehensively characterize poverty in the Republic Yakutiya has been analysed.The Subject of the Study The dynamics of poor people number in the region. The Purpose of the Study Is th determination of the endogenous (internal) factors of poverty based on the methods of economic and mathematical modeling and further development of perspective socialThe Main Theoretical Provision. The social policy of the government of the republic over the past decade has focused on employment, birth rate, housing, sustainable rural development, but program activities did not take into account the differentiation of social groups, with their low efficiency. The current moment seems to be a possible transition point to a more effective and adequate social policy. The structured database related to measurements of social well-being and living standards of the population in Yakutiya from 1995-2017 was created on the basic on open information of the Sakha (Yakutia)stat. It was used for determining the main factors and regional characteristics of poverty in Yakutiya. The factors that have the most significant impact on the level of poverty in the region were selected based on the correlation analysis. A linear regression model was created where the number of poor people was taken as the dependent variable. It has been proved that the number of poor people has a direct positive relationship with the indicators “number of pensioners” and “expenses of the consolidated budget of Yakutiya” and inverse relationship with “housing per capita”, "the real dynamics of the GRP" and "the population monetary incomes". Based on quantitative and qualitative analysis, the endogenous factors of poverty in the region were identified: high cost of living, low correlation of poverty with employment, wage disparities, as well as high fertility. Proposals of targeted social policy have been developed. They include: revision of the legal framework in the field of social protection, improvement of targeting social assistance, reviewing the demographic priorities of social policy, a maneuver in public sector jobs , the development of poverty monitoring and social assistance delivery based on digitalization, social experiments on poverty alleviation, including Universal Basic Income model for indigenous communes