Abstract

Comment a été élaborée la notion de « personne âgée » et comment cette notion s’est-elle affirmée au détriment de la figure du « vieillard » ? Quels sont les facteurs qui ont retardé la reconnaissance de la « personne âgée » ? L’article est le second volet de cette étude plus générale consacrée à l’analyse de ces raisons. Parmi ces dernières, le regard médical empêchait d’attribuer la qualité de « personne » au vieillard tant que le vieillissement est considéré comme l’usure asynchrone d’organes isolés. Au cours du XIXe siècle, les soins apportés au grand âge ne sont pas seulement médicaux. Le vieillard est inclus dans une société qui prend d’abord la forme d’une institution, l’hospice. En 1920, A. Lacassagne crée le concept de séniculture et lance un programme pour une société de séniculture dont l’intention est de responsabiliser la personne vieillissante. Le vieillard devient acteur de son vieillissement. Cependant, le vieillard n’accède pas au statut de personne : il est enserré dans un ensemble de prescriptions qui ne le considèrent pas dans sa singularité. How was the notion of “aged people” elaborated, and how did this notion become apparent and replace the previously used notion of “oldster”? What were the reasons, which postponed the recognition of the notion of “aged people”? Our study is the second step in a more general study dedicated to such a complete analysis. Medical examination, among other reasons, prevented attributing personhood to “oldsters” for ageing was considered as the asynchronous impairment of isolated organs. During the 19th century, taking care of aged people was not only a medical task. Oldsters were included in an association, which was first an institution, the hospice. In 1920, A. Lacassagne elaborated a new concept, “old-age care”, and promoted a program for an association devoted to it. The aim was to give greater responsibility to aged people. Oldsters became actors of their aging. But they did not gain access to the status of a person yet: they were still contained in a set of requirements that did not consider them as distinctive persons.

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