Abstract
αFe2O3/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel by transesterification of canola oil under ultrasonic irradiation. Nanocatalysts were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, BET, and CO2− TPD. The RSM and the BBD were employed to analyze the effect of variables. An acceptable agreement was achieved between the experimental and predicted data using RSM for yield (R2 = 0.9837) and pour point (R2 = 0.9901). Maximum yield and minimum pour point were obtained as 90.75% and −20 0C, respectively. The optimal reaction conditions were achieved at alcohol to triglyceride molar ratio, catalyst concentration, ultrasonic time, and alcohol type of 12:1 mol: mol, 2.53 wt% 30.98 min and 2-butanol, respectively. The incorporation of ZnO to αFe2O3 improved the basicity of the nanocatalyst. Moreover, the αFe2O3/ZnO nanocatalysts displayed a very good stability (83.19% yield) after 7 cycles. Kinetic studies indicated that the production rate of biodiesel corresponds well to the first-order equation.
Published Version
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