Použití plněných adheziv pro doplňování nestabilní archeologické keramiky

Abstract

USE OF FILLED ADHESIVES FOR FILLS ON UNSTABLE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CERAMICS Archaeological ceramic finds are often the only evidence of human activities in prehistoric cultures. At the time of its origin, prehistoric ceramic was made from natural raw materials coming from the immediate surroundings, and the firing conditions generally did not usually exceed 800 °C. Such ceramic shards contain a relatively low content of the glassy phase, the remains of clay minerals (so-called metaclays), and have relatively high open porosity. After use and subsequent storage in moist soil, the ceramic shards undergo an ageing process and become unstable, i. e. their flexural strength decreases, and they evolve into brittle and crumble shards. All these aspects must be taken into account during conservation-restoration interventions. Especially when choosing a fill, it is necessary to use materials that will not lead to the loss of the original ceramic body. The submitted article focuses on evaluation of different types of fill materials considered for filling unstable ceramics: gypsum, alabaster plaster, modelling plasters, adhesives (K 498, Lascaux 498 HV, Duvilax BD 20) filled with inorganic (marble dust, aluminium oxide, potassium feldspar, Korest silikat, glass flakes, raw glaze) or organic fill materials (Tylose MH 300, Tylose MH 6000, Arbocell BC 200, Arbocell BC 1000).The selected combination of fill materials was used for real conservation interventions during the formation of fills on archaeological finds of unstable ceramics: a mixture of cellulose (Arbocel BC 1000) and dispersion K 498 was applied during the restoration of the Jordanów culture container and Efkoker plaster was used to fill the losses on a large-volume container of the Bylany culture.