Potere e limiti della conoscenza da Enrico di Gand a Enrico di Harclay

Abstract

Henry of Ghent can be considered the secular master of the thirteenth century who describes with a more emphasis and originality the relation between knowledge and power. Henry asserts (art. XIII, q. 3 of the Summa quaestionum ordinariarum; Quodlibet XII, q. 2) that even if Faith, as an instilled habit in us, is prior to any other form of knowledge, in order to grasp the truth of the Holy Scriptures, we need the lumen naturale. Nevertheless, in order to attain a better understanding of the terms of the theological propositions, a clarius lumen, is wanted: it is the special illumination granted to the theologians which allows them to grasp - already in this life! - those truths that ordinary man cannot grasp by means of the lumen naturale, or simply by means of the lumen fidei. Introducing a lumen speciale, intermediate between the lumen fidei, granted to every pious man, and the lumen gloriae, proper to the beati, Henry renders the theologian a special man. John Duns Scotus, Peter Auriol and Henry of Harclay, re-phrasing Henry’s doctrine, admit only the possibility that someone in this life scientifically knows the divine truths. On the other hand Henry of Ghent affirms that, at least only the theologian, really knows these truths. From this knowledge speciale derives as much power speciale related to vita activa. In accord with Henry, therefore, the theologian is the true scientist and legislator, even superior than the pope and so, maybe, he could be considered the happiest human being in via.