Potentilla alba Extracts Affect the Viability and Proliferation of Non-Cancerous and Cancerous Colon Human Epithelial Cells.

Klaudia Kowalik,Monika Tomczykowa,Adrian Wiater,Michał Tomczyk,Kamila Wlizło,Iwona Wertel,Jakub W Strawa,Roman Paduch,Adam Waśko,Anna Pawłowska

doi:10.3390/molecules25133080

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the anti-tumor activity of extracts isolated from Potentilla alba L. on human colon cancer cells of the HT-29 line and on non-cancer colon epithelial cells of the CCD 841 CoTr line. The research methods we used to determine the cytotoxic and proliferative properties were 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, the ability to produce nitric oxide, the Griess method, and the biochemical properties like 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods indicating reduction activity of tested samples. In order to obtain a phytochemical profile of the different extracts an analytical method based on liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-ESI-MS/TOF) was applied. Finally, the effects of the extracts on the morphology and cell counts were assessed by May–Grünwald–Giemsa staining. After a comprehensive analysis of all the experiments, the extracts were found to demonstrate cytotoxic properties, they stimulated the division of non-cancer cells, and they were able to scavenge free radicals. In the NR method, the cell viability dropped to approximately 80% compared to the control. In the MTT assay, tumor cell proliferation decreased to 9.5% compared to the control. Therefore, we concluded that this plant has medical potential.

Highlights

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an epithelial malignant tumor that develops in the colon or rectum.According to The Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), colorectal cancer is very common in the world and ranks second in terms of mortality [1]
In order to obtain a phytochemical profile of the different extracts and fractions, PAL1–PAL7 of P. alba were obtained from solvents with increasing polarity, and an analytical method based on liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-electrospray ionization ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-photo-diode array (PDA)-ESI-MS/TOF) was applied
The LC-MS profile showed the presence of a large group of polyphenolic compounds (33 compounds) corresponding to the protonated molecular ions of different types of flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin derivatives (12–25, 29, 30)

Summary

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an epithelial malignant tumor that develops in the colon or rectum.According to The Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), colorectal cancer is very common in the world and ranks second in terms of mortality [1]. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an epithelial malignant tumor that develops in the colon or rectum. Surgical treatments and chemotherapy are the most commonly used methods of CRC treatment. Scientists are searching for new treatments, as chemotherapy has many side effects and a large proportion of patients die due to the cancer’s recurrence [2]. Many previous studies have shown that colorectal cancer is sensitive to plant-derived substances [3,4]. Among them polyphenols are classified as very strong antioxidants that neutralize the toxic effects of selected radicals, which are responsible for DNA damage [5]. Their presence can lead to an increase in the proliferation rate, mutation in DNA, cell adaptation and genomic instability. As a consequence of these processes, cancer may develop

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