Abstract
BackgroundDependence on antipsycotic drugs like aripriprazole (ARI) is increasing at alarming rate, hence, this study was undertaken to support the hypothesis that supplementation of Citrus paradisi(Grapefruit) juice having high concentration of polyphenols might potentiate and synergize the therapeutic effect of ARI, by increasing its bioavailability and inherent antioxidant potential. These benefits together might decrease the daily dosage of the ARI and thus alleviate the possible side effects of drug.MethodsIn this study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of ARI alone and in combination with GFJ was evaluated for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress in mice. Seventy mice (4 weeks old), were randomly divided into seven groups. Group I: Control; Group II: H2O2 treated; Group III; ARI treated; Group IV GFJ treated; Group V: GFJ and H2O2 treated; Group VI; ARI and H2O2 treated; Group VII; ARI, GFJ and H2O2 treated. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine kinase (CK), creatinine and total protein were measured. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations were also measured.ResultsThe mice group that was treated with ARI, GFJ or combination of the two showed significant improvement in the H2O2 altered parameters with the combination group showing more significant improvement than the ARI and GFJ alone groups indicating a synergistic and potentiating effect of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of GFJ on ARI.ConclusionSupplementing GFJ to ARI might increase an anti-oxidative potential of ARI due to inherent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of GFJ and thus could alleviate the possible dosage dependent side effects of ARI.
Highlights
Dependence on antipsycotic drugs like aripriprazole (ARI) is increasing at alarming rate, this study was undertaken to support the hypothesis that supplementation of Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) juice having high concentration of polyphenols might potentiate and synergize the therapeutic effect of ARI, by increasing its bioavailability and inherent antioxidant potential
A significant increase was observed in the ALT, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels whereas a decrease in creatinine kinase (CK) and total protein was observed in the H2O2 treated group
There was no significant change in the ALT, BUN, CK, creatinine and total protein levels of the ARI and Grapefruit juice (GFJ) treated groups compared to the control group
Summary
Dependence on antipsycotic drugs like aripriprazole (ARI) is increasing at alarming rate, this study was undertaken to support the hypothesis that supplementation of Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) juice having high concentration of polyphenols might potentiate and synergize the therapeutic effect of ARI, by increasing its bioavailability and inherent antioxidant potential. The phospholipids present include docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol, and these can be peroxidated on exposure to reactive oxygen molecules, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and acetyl choline generate these phospholipids as secondary messengers that are pathological reasons for the disease of central nervous system [5]
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