Abstract
In the current investigation the crude oil of Nigella sativa was extracted from seeds using hydraulic and screw pressing techniques. Different parameters were evaluated in order to find out the appropriate technique to enhance the physicochemical and functional-related characteristics of the extracted crude oil. Results showed that the acid and peroxide values were significantly lower in the screw pressed oil (SPO) than in the hydraulic pressed oil (HPO). The total phenolic content of the SPO was significantly higher than that of HPO. Evaluation of the oxidative stability using the Rancimat test showed that SPO recorded a much higher oxidative stability index (40.07 h) than HPO (0.51 h). The yield of the volatile oil fraction and its contents of thymoquinone isolated from the SPO were higher than that from the HPO. Biological evaluation revealed that the SPO had significantly higher antimicrobial activity than HPO against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus at 40 μL/well.
Highlights
Plant oils are among the main sources of supplying humans with energy, fatty acids and oil soluble vitamins
Other traditional safe extraction methods are adopted for extracting functional oils from seeds such as the hydraulic and the screw pressing techniques
Screw pressing is characterized by its capacity to extract a greater proportion of oil from the same amount of seeds than the hydraulic pressing technique due to the combination of shear forces and compression forces which operate together on the seeds (Akinoso et al, 2009)
Summary
Plant oils are among the main sources of supplying humans with energy, fatty acids and oil soluble vitamins Some of these oils are characterized by additional functionalities and biological activities which makes them suitable for consumption by a wide population sector as a dietary supplement for health promotion or protection against some diseases. The use of organic solvents is considered to be a subject of consideration in producing functional oils due to environmental consideration (solvent vapors) and the potentials of solvent residue in the final product Due to these considerations, other traditional safe extraction methods are adopted for extracting functional oils from seeds such as the hydraulic and the screw pressing techniques. Screw pressing is characterized by its capacity to extract a greater proportion of oil from the same amount of seeds than the hydraulic pressing technique due to the combination of shear forces (due to friction) and compression forces which operate together on the seeds (Akinoso et al, 2009)
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