Potentials of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Bambusa vulgaris&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Grown in Southeast Nigeria for the Manufacture of Wood-Cement Composite Panels

Eugene O Onuorah,Joseph T Nwabanne,Elias Chukwunonso Nnabuife

doi:10.4236/jmmce.2014.25041

Potentials of &lt;i&gt;Bambusa vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; Grown in Southeast Nigeria for the Manufacture of Wood-Cement Composite Panels

Eugene O Onuorah, Joseph T Nwabanne + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2014.25041

Copy DOI

Abstract

In this work, the potentials of Bambusa vulgaris grown in southeast Nigeria for the manufacture of wood-cement composite panels were studied. Representative culms of Bambusa vulgaris were collected from a 4-year-old stand at lower Anambra river basin, southeast, Nigeria. Fiber morphological properties and proximate chemical analysis were determined in accordance with the provisions of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industries (TAPPI, 1998). Fiber slenderness ratio was 160.95:1, component solubility of 3.09, 5.60, and 19.8 percent for cold water soak for 24 hrs; hot water soak at 80°C for 1 hr, and 1% NaOH soak for 24 hrs respectively. Composite panels were made at 1200 kg/m3 and 800 kg/m3 density levels with flakes of different soak treatments (untreated/control; cold water soak for 24 hrs; water at 80°C soak for 1 hr and 1% NaOH soak for 24 hrs) at variable cement/B. vulgaris mix ratios (1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1 and 3:1 wt/wt) with 3% CaCl2 as accelerator applied to the wood furnish before cement mixing. Prepared furnish was subjected to initial pre-pressing of 0.5 N/mm2 and final consolidation of 1.4 N/mm2 retained for 24 hrs. Panels were sampled and tested after 28 days for Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) in bending and for water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) due to a 24-hr water soak. Test was in accordance with provisions of American Standard for Testing of Materials (ASTM-1998). Properties ranged from a low of 25.00 to 75.45 N/mm2 for MOR; 4128 to 15,065 N/mm2 for MOE; 15.01 to 36.11 percent for WA and 3.04 to 12.72 percent for TA. Effect of production mix on properties was determined using factorial analysis. Except for composite density whose effect was not significant at 0.05% level, all production mix was found significant at 0.01% level at the second order level of interactions. All panels met minimum property requirements of American National Standard Institute 208-2-1994 and 208-1-1993, British Standard (BS 5669, 1979) and Malaysian Standard (MS 934, 1984).

Highlights

Concerns for global environmental degradation as a result of deforestation and use of fossil fuels as well as reported pockets of deficit in supply of forest timber based industrial fiber in some parts of the world have created a need for the search for alternative products that are both sustainable and environmentally friendly [1]-[5]
The objective of this study were to evaluate the effects of cement/Bumbusa vulgaris mix ratios, chip/flake soak treatments and composite panel densities on the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) in Bending; and the water absorption and thickness swelling properties of the resultant composite panel
The studies have proved that B. vulgaris grown in Anambra river basin, southeast, Nigeria can be used to produce cement composite panels of acceptable properties as all panels produced met property requirements of ANSI-208-1 and ANSI-208-2; BS 5669 and MS 934 [33]-[36]

Summary

Introduction

Concerns for global environmental degradation as a result of deforestation and use of fossil fuels as well as reported pockets of deficit in supply of forest timber based industrial fiber in some parts of the world have created a need for the search for alternative products that are both sustainable and environmentally friendly [1]-[5]. Wood/lignocellulosic based composites have been found to be attractive primarily because of their high potential for value addition, sustainable supply, low cost, non carcinogenic and high specific strength properties relative to other competing materials [6]-[8]. Wood-cement composites have the added advantage of resistance to corrosion, biodegradation, fire and flame spread. As a product, they exhibit high levels of thermal and sound insulation [8] [9]. Industrial utilization of bamboo, agricultural lignocellulosics and wood-residues has been reported to have the high multiplier effect on the economy because it is sustainable, and environmentally friendly, has the high wealth generation potential and creates employment [8] [15]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion