Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fillet tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio): a systematic review, meta-analysis and risk assessment study

Abstract

The current investigation was carried out to measure the concentration of PTEs in fillet tissue of common carp in Iran by the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis. The conducted article screening covered the related publications from Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases between January 1 to August 30 2018. Additionally, the noncarcinogenic risk of PTEs was estimated via the Target hazard quotient (THQ). According to findings, the rank order of PTEs (µg/kg. wet weight) in fillets of common carp was Fe (2884.54) > Zn (1097.37) > Ni (311.78) > Cu (154.27) > Pb (130.98) > total Cr (94.31) > total As (73.82) > Hg (Methyl mercury form) (71.35) > Cd (40.15). The pooled concentration of PTEs were below their corresponded values defined by national and international standards. The rank order of PTEs based on THQ for the adults consumers was Hg (methyl)(0.20000) > Pb (0.01111) > Cd (0.01000) > Ni (0.01000) > Fe (0.00141) > Zn (0.00127) > Cu (0.00125) > Cr (Total) (0.00002) and children was Hg (Methyl mercury form) (0.40000) > Cd (0.03000) > Pb (0.02222) > Ni (0.01727) > Fe (0.00259) > Cu (0.00250) > Zn (0.00230) > Cr (Total) (0.00004). However, the noncarcinogenic health risk of PTEs through consumption of common carp in Iran is at negligible level (TTHQ < 1), continuous monitoring of concentrations of PTEs among this fish and related products due to its general popularity besides further actions for preventing from the pollution of water resources are recommended.