Potentialities of evaluation of serum level of S100B for predicting the consequences of severe traumatic brain injury

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the potentialities of determining serum level of astroglial biomarker S100B for predicting the consequences of a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods. We used the results of diagnostic tests and therapeutic manipulations in 72 patients aged 16 to 76 years with severe traumatic brain injury of different origin with the assessment of its outcomes. The results of the molecular biological study (determining S100B serum concentration by solid phase enzyme immunoassay — ELISA using sets of reagents Sigma-Aldrich, USA, on the 1st day after severe TBI) compared with the analyzes of 10 healthy donors. The outcomes of TBI were assessed by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in 6 months after injury. A correlation of severe TBI outcomes with S100B serum levels obtained on the 1st day after injury was evaluated. Results. In patients with isolated severe TBI, after exclusion of concomitant extracranial injuries, intoxication and other causes for unconsciousness, serum levels of S100B exceeding the cut-off value of 1.35 ng/ml indicated most likely probability of patient’s death (model sensitivity 97.1 %, specificity 81.6 %). The levels of serum S100B exceeding the cut-off value of 1.30 ng/ml on the 1st day after severe TBI implied a high probability of unfavorable outcomes in 6 months after the trauma, which include death and severe disability (model sensitivity 88.1 %, specificity 86.7 %). Conclusion. The estimation of serum concentration of astroglial damage biomarker S100B in patients with severe TBI on the 1st day after injury was found to be highly efficient to predict the outcomes of TBI in 6 months after injury.