Abstract
Purpose. To do experimental research into the potential utilization of residual quartz-based sands and kaolin from the tin mine tailings in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia. Methods. Process of raw materials beneficiation by washing, vibration on the screen, magnetic separation. Manufacturing whiteware from beneficiated quartz sand, beneficiated kaolin, ball clay and feldspar. The whiteware properties were analyzed in terms of shrinkage, water absorption, flexural strength, and whiteness index. Findings. The amount of iron oxide in the quartz sand and the kaolin was reduced by beneficiation process from 1.12% and 1.06 to 0.51% and 0.5%, respectively. The whiteware specimens showed the required physical and mechanical properties. Thus, these raw materials can principally be utilized for the manufacture of whiteware ceramic items with whiteness index up to 68.3. Originality. Quartz sand and kaolin extracted from tin mine tailings were used after beneficiation of raw materials for whiteware manufacture. Practical implications. This research can provide practical solution to the problem related to mine tailings rich in quartz and kaolin which can be utilized for manufacturing whiteware. Keywords: tin mine tailings, quartz sand, kaolin, magnetic separation, whiteware ceramics
Highlights
To do experimental research into the potential utilization of residual quartz-based sands and kaolin from the tin mine tailings in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia
The SiO2 content in the sand tailings is still relatively low, which is around 95%, while quartz sand which is used as a raw material for fine ceramic manufacture should have a minimum SiO2 content of 97% [1]
This low amount of iron and titanium in the quartz sand and kaolin could be beneficial to compensate those contents in the additional materials in manufacturing whiteware
Summary
To do experimental research into the potential utilization of residual quartz-based sands and kaolin from the tin mine tailings in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia. The whiteware specimens showed the required physical and mechanical properties These raw materials can principally be utilized for the manufacture of whiteware ceramic items with whiteness index up to 68.3. Quartz sand and kaolin extracted from tin mine tailings were used after beneficiation of raw materials for whiteware manufacture. Some relevant research had been conducted effectively by washing the sand and by the iron separation process using flotation, high intensity magnetic separation or used in the processing of tailing materials that predominantly contain low level of quartz sand mixed with clay impurities and when the impurities occur in the form of oxide coatings on sand grain surfaces [4], [5]. Mining of Mineral Deposits, 15(3), 1-6 this study, the quartz sand and the kaolin derived from tin (a) mine tailings will undergo beneficiation process and be applied as raw material for manufacturing whiteware ceramics
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