Abstract
The high mortality
 of deadly virus infectious diseases including SARS, MERS, COVID-19, and avian
 flu is often caused by the uncontrolled innate immune response and destructive
 inflammation. The majority of viral diseases are self-limiting under the help
 of the activated adaptive immune system. This activity is cell proliferation
 dependent and thus, it requires several weeks to develop. Patients are
 vulnerable and mortality usually occurs during this window period. To control the
 innate immune response and reduce the inflammation during this period will
 increase the tolerance of patients and lowers the mortality in the deadly virus
 infection. Melatonin is a molecule that displays respective properties, since
 it downregulates the overreaction of the innate immune response and
 overshooting inflammation, but also promotes the adaptive immune activity. Many
 studies have reported the beneficial effects of melatonin on deadly virus
 infections in different animal models and its therapeutic efficacy in septic
 shock patients. Furthermore, melatonin has a great safety margin without
 serious adverse effects. We suggest the use of melatonin as an adjunctive or
 even regular therapy for deadly viral diseases, especially if no efficient
 direct anti-viral treatment is available.
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