Potential use of RFID and QR code in the supply chain based on Blockchain and Smart contract

Abstract

Nowadays, the discovery of new technologies is more intense than ever before. Terms such as Blockchain technology or Smart Contracts are becoming more and more familiar. Thanks to the decentralized system and the distribution of immutable records of transactions among all network participants, Blockchain finds application in almost any field, whether industry or society. Supply chain is one such area. In this paper, a theoretical model of supply chain based on Blockchain is presented. The participants of the presented model are the manufacturer with suppliers, the carrier, the retailer, and the final consumer. The model describes the process from the production of components to the sale of the final product to the final consumer. By implementing RFID and IoT, the participants can track the goods in real time. The end consumer enters the chain by scanning the QR code of the product. Contractual relationships are stored in the Blockchain in the form of Smart Contracts, which automatically execute the action based on the agreed terms. In addition, the paper describes selected Blockchain platforms that are used in the real world. Finally, we also present tools for simulating and testing Blockchain in a local network.