Abstract
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have been designed to make changes in the travel behaviour of travellers. These changes can be interpreted using transport models and simulation tools. In this study, the daily activity plans were used to study the possibility of increasing the utility of travellers through minimizing the travel time by using AVs. Three groups of travellers were selected based on the benefits that they can obtain when AVs are on the market. The groups are (a) long-trip travellers (b) public transport riders, and (c) travellers with specified characteristics. Each group is divided into one or more scenarios based on the definition of each group and the collected data. A total of seven scenarios were derived from the collected data and simulated twice to include the existing transport modes and the presence of AVs. The simulations were conducted using Multi-Agents Transport Simulation (MATSim) that applies the concept of a co-evolutionary algorithm. MATSim simulates the current plans and the ones where AVs replace all or part of the existing conventional transport modes in the daily activity plans. The results have shown a reduction in the trip time: 13% to 42% for group (a), 33% for group (b), and 16% to 28% for group (c) compared with the original trip times. In conclusion, it can be claimed that AVs could reduce the travel time in all cases, which provides benefits for people to increase their utilities.
Highlights
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are expected to be on the market soon due to the rapid development of car technology
The scenarios of group (a) are (1) travellers who travel more than 40 minutes within one trip including the users of all transport modes, (2) travellers who travel more than 40 minutes excluding users of walking and cycling, and (3) travellers who travel at least 10 km in one trip, regardless of transport mode type
Three scenarios are studied, as follows: (1) travellers who travel more than 40 minutes regardless of what mode of transport is used, (2) travellers who travel more than 40 minutes with a motorized mode of transport, and (3) travellers who travel more than 10 km
Summary
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are expected to be on the market soon due to the rapid development of car technology. With the presence of this technology, safety, congestion, comfort, reliability, and the travel time will be changed [1] Such changes are fewer cars on the road, efficient use of road network, fewer parking spaces, travel time reduction, and an increase in the travelled distances of AVs compared with conventional cars [2, 3]. Some people use multimodal transport to reach their destinations; for example, they use either cars, bicycles, taxis, walking, or scooters to the nearest station/stop of public transport in order to switch to a more comfortable transport mode based on their preferences. There are classes of people who face difficulties to travel, such as peo-
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