Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented challenge for the researchers to offer safe, tolerable, and effective treatment strategies for its causative agent known as SARS-CoV-2. With the rapid evolution of the pandemic, even the off-label use of existing drugs has been restricted by limited availability. Several old antivirals, antimalarial, and biological drugs are being reconsidered as possible therapies. The effectiveness of the controversial treatment options for COVID-19 such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, angiotensin 2 conversion enzyme inhibitors and selective angiotensin receptor blockers was also discussed. A systemic search in the PubMed, Science Direct, LitCovid, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov data bases was conducted using the keywords “coronavirus drug therapy,” passive immunotherapy for COVID-19’, “convalescent plasma therapy,” (CPT) “drugs for COVID-19 treatment,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” “2019-nCoV,” “coronavirus immunology,” “microbiology,” “virology,” and individual drug names. Systematic reviews, case presentations and very recent clinical guidelines were included. This narrative review summarizes the available information on possible therapies for COVID-19, providing recent data to health professionals.
Highlights
The contemporary century has witnessed the outbreak of several corona viral intimidations that cause a spotlight on public health, education, economy, and travels and respond to the threat of a global pandemic
Potential Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 envelope (E) glycoprotein, and the nucleocapsid (N) protein that help for its development completely (Figure 1A) (Schoeman and Fielding, 2019; Risitano et al, 2020)
The results showed that patients treated with Favipiravir had negative results in testing for this virus in a shorter time compared to patients in the control group (Clinicaltrials.Gov, 2020a)
Summary
The contemporary century has witnessed the outbreak of several corona viral intimidations that cause a spotlight on public health, education, economy, and travels and respond to the threat of a global pandemic. The ongoing viral infection is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which establishes a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The positive-sense, singlestranded RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 contains a cap at 5’ end and polyadenylated (A) sequence at 3’ end, serves as mRNA for replicase polyprotein translation (Figure 1B) (Wu et al, 2020). From the beginning of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, it spreads immediately in most of the countries around the world and causes severe human diseases or death (Goumenou et al, 2020). The lack of effective drug therapy, and along with the high morbidity and mortality rates and its pandemic highlights the need for novel drug discovery for the treatment of COVID-19 (Tsatsakis et al, 2020)
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