Abstract
Vibriosis caused by Vibrio harveyi is still being a serious bacterial disease problem in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon aquaculture. Due to this disease, the mortality of tiger shrimp post larvae can reach 100%. Attempt has been made for this bacterial disease prevention by using mangrove associates secondary metabolites. This study aims to determine potential of kopasanda (C. odorata L.) leaves as natural antibacterial against Vibrio harveyi. Potential study was carried out by determinination of the best solvent used to extract the bioactive secondary metabolites of kopasanda leaves, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Toxicity study was also done by using soaking method to determine the save concentrations of C. odorata leaves on tiger shrimp post larvae. C. odorata leaves was extracted with methanol to extract all the active components, then, partitioned into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extract. The highest antibacterial activity against V. harveyi was shown by methanol extract. The results suggest that C. odorata leaves have a potential to be developed as a raw material source for vibriosis prevention. It is due to its strong anti-vibrio activity showed by the low MIC and MBC of 0.625 and 1.250 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the methanol extract did not show any toxicon tiger shrimp (P. monodon) post larvae up to 2.500 mg/ml.
Highlights
One of the main problems of the tiger shrimp aquaculture is the presence of mass mortality due to disease attack [1]
We reported the antibacterial activity of C. odorata methanol extract against V. harveyi and its toxicity on tiger shrimp P. monodon
Ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extract of C. odorata leaves were found to give the antibacterial activity against V. harveyi (Figure 1)
Summary
One of the main problems of the tiger shrimp aquaculture is the presence of mass mortality due to disease attack [1]. The disease considered as a serious problem has been caused by pathogenic bacteria infection from vibrio genus, especially V. harveyi [2]. This bacterium infects almost all cultivated marine organisms such as crustacean, mollusca and fish [3]. V. harveyi is well known as a bacterial pathogen in almost all cultured marine fish species [11,12]. The prevention and control efforts of vibriosis have been carried out by maintaining adequate water quality with low bacterial biomass, sterilizing or filtering recirculated water together with routine monitoring of shrimp and ponds for early diagnosis of problems. Some researchers have attempted other alternative methods to control the diseases
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