Potential Stem Cells of Oral Origin- A review on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells are isolated from multiple tissues, such as bone marrow, peripheral blood,umbilical cord blood, adult connective tissue, dental tissues, placenta, and amniotic membrane. Oralderived mesenchymal stem cells (OMSC’s) are multipotent cells, though differentiates into odontoblast,cementoblast, osteoblast, chondrocyte, adipocyte, melanocyte, endothelial cell hepatocyte, myoblast andneural cell but shows limited differentiating into only these specific types of cells or mesenchymal origincells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC’s) are the potential stem cells induced through reprogrammingsuch somatic cells genetically by presenting with distinct or causative factors. Growth factors and signallingmolecules have the capacity to induce cellular proliferation and cellular differentiation. Addition oftranscription factors to a population of differentiated cells does not promise reprogramming of the potentialstem cells. Furthermore, ethical issues related with the development of embryonic stem cells (ESC’s) do notapply to iPSCs, which offer a non-controversial strategy to create patient-specific stem cell lines. Hence thepresent review article was aimed to briefly describe numerous oral mesenchymal stem cells (OMSC’s) androle of Induced potential pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the regenerative medicine and dentistry with afocus on various iPSCs reprogramming techniques in the current scenario.