Potential soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in oral and salivary coronavirus infection therapy

Abstract

A comprehensive search was carried out in mainstream bibliographic databases or Medical Subject Headings, including ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science. The search was applied to the articles that were published between 2004 and early 2022. With strict literature search and screening processes, it yielded 4 articles from 142 articles of initial literature database. In oral cavity, tongue has the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) expression and lesser amounts in the other oral tissues, oral mucosa, including the gingival tissue. By Pre-incubation with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) RBD, CTB-ACE 2 activity was absolutely inhibited, offering an the description for decreased saliva ACE 2 activity in COVID-19 patients. Through minimizing or debulking virus transmission, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)-trapping proteins proposes an affordable strategy for protecting people from most oral re-infection, whereas newly evolving strains have higher viral load in saliva and greater transmission. Delta variant viral load in a patient is about 1,260 times higher than those infected with previous strains. In conclusion, ACE 2 fusion proteins or chewing gum can be used as the rapid methods of decreasing SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) from saliva and oral cavity of the infected patients for minimizing infection and transmission, diagnosis, inhibitors, vaccine development, and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) disease.