Potential Prognosis and Diagnostic Value of AKT3, LSM12, MEF2C, and RAB30 in Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer on Spark Framework.

Fazlullah Khan,Jue Wang,Jiuwen Zhang,Jing Chen,Sheng Wu

doi:10.1155/2021/8218043

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. CRC progression is greatly affected by the local microenvironment. In the study, we proposed a deep computational-based model for the classification of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in exosomes. We, first, analyzed mRNA expression levels in CRC tumors and normal tissues. Secondly, we used GO and KEGG to analyze their functional enrichment. Thirdly, we analyzed the composition of immune cells in all TCGA samples and then evaluated the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in CRC. Lastly, we combined the TCGA dataset, i.e., COADN = 449 and ROADN = 6, for analysis and found that the expression levels of AKT3, LSM12, MEF2C, and RAB30 in exosomes were significantly correlated with tumor immune infiltration levels. The performance evaluation has shown that the proposed model based on neural networks performs better as compared to the existing methods. The proposed model can be used as a potential tool for the immune infiltration level and their role in cancer metastasis and progression, which can help us to explore potential strategies for CRC diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.

Highlights

Cancer is a deadly illness that accounts for one-quarter of all casualties in developed nations [1]
To evaluate the effects of mRNAs, we used a functional enrichment analysis to characterize their functions in Colorectal cancer (CRC). e functional analysis showed that 5 GO terms (Figure 5(b)) and 4 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in this community (p values
We found that the expression level of AKT3 is positively correlated with the infiltration of CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells; the expression level of CDC42 is positively correlated with the infiltration level of CD8 + T cells; the expression level of RAB30 is positively correlated with the infiltration level of B cells, CD8 + T cells, and macrophages; the expression level of MEF2C is positively correlated with the infiltration level of B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells; In addition, there are a few that are negatively correlated, such as HSPA1B and CD8 + T cells, LSM12 and CD4 + T cells, and UBC and CD8 + T cells

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is a deadly illness that accounts for one-quarter of all casualties in developed nations [1]. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignant tumor that is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths globally, with the second-highest mortality rate of all malignancies [2,3,4]. Surgical resection is the most common technique of treating CRC [5, 6]. CRC has a better prognosis, but most patients are already in the advanced stage of therapy, and most patients have metastasized and cannot be treated surgically, increasing the complexity of treatment. Metastatic CRC is one of the most prevalent causes of CRCrelated fatalities, and study into its process of development has gotten a lot of interest from scientists. Exosomes play a critical part in this and are nanometer-sized membrane vesicles released by normal or cancer cells. Exosomes range in size from 30–200 nm and are found in the lipid bilayer of different bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva [11, 12]

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Results

Conclusion