Potential Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus M41 Modulates Its Proteome Differentially for Tolerances Against Heat, Cold, Acid, and Bile Stresses.

Mohd Affan Baig,Anas A Al-Nabulsi,Mark S Turner,Nagendra P Shah,Mutamed M Ayyash,Shao-Quan Liu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.731410

Abstract

Probiotics containing functional food confer health benefits in addition to their nutritional properties. In this study, we have evaluated the differential proteomic responses of a potential novel probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus M41 under heat, cold, acid, and bile stress conditions. We identified stress response proteins that could provide tolerances against these stresses and could be used as probiotic markers for evaluating stress tolerance. Pediococcus pentosaceus M41 was exposed for 2 h to each condition: 50°C (heat stress), 4°C (cold stress), pH 3.0 (acid stress) and 0.05% bile (bile stress). Proteomic analysis was carried out using 2D-IEF SDS PAGE and LC-MS/MS. Out of 60 identified proteins, 14 upregulated and 6 downregulated proteins were common among all the stress conditions. These proteins were involved in different biological functions such as translation-related proteins, carbohydrate metabolism (phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase), histidine biosynthesis (imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase) and cell wall synthesis (tyrosine-protein kinase CapB). Proteins such as polysaccharide deacetylase, lactate oxidase, transcription repressor NrdR, dihydroxyacetone kinase were upregulated under three out of the four stress conditions. The differential expression of these proteins might be responsible for tolerance and protection of P. pentosaceus M41 against different stress conditions.

Highlights

The gut microbiota of humans and animals plays key roles in regulation of nutrition, physiology, metabolism and immunity (Azad et al, 2018)
13% proteins were found to be associated with stress responses, 8% proteins were involved in oxidation reduction, 7% proteins with functions in amino acid metabolism and 5% proteins were involved in cell wall synthesis
Our study demonstrated that novel probiotic P. pentosaceus M41 showed tolerances against heat, cold, acid and bile stresses by overexpression of proteins involved in cellular defense and repair

Summary

Introduction

The gut microbiota of humans and animals plays key roles in regulation of nutrition, physiology, metabolism and immunity (Azad et al, 2018). Probiotics are known to provide protection against several diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea and gut inflammation, as well as maintaining the intestinal microflora and provide protection against gastric and gut pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori (Min et al, 2019) They causes reduction in lactose intolerance, exert protection against colon cancer, promote modulation of immune functions, increase calcium. Beneficial effects of probiotics and their counts can decrease due to several environmental stresses such as heat, cold, osmosis, high pressure, acid, and salt These factors can induce oxidative stress in probiotics leading to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in protein and metabolic functions which cause impairment of probiotic properties (Serrazanetti et al, 2009). Proteomic and transcriptomic techniques can reveal some complex regulatory networks in response to environmental stresses in bacteria

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