Abstract
Plant extract have been recognized as important natural source of insecticide. Herein, we assessed the toxicity of leaves-extract and seeds-extract of Annona mucosa (Annonaceae) against brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a soybean pest in Neotropical America. For this, bioassays with nymphs and adults were conducted using the concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg.mL -1 of leaves and seeds extract of A. mucosa and DMSO (10%), as control. Ten replicates were conducted by treatment, with five nymphs (3 rd instar) by replicate (bioassay with nymphs) and one couple of adults ( 5.0mg.mL -1 , while nymphs treated with leaves extract do not exhibit difference between treatments. In adults the survival was reduced, when were treated with seed extract of A. mucosa at concentrations higher than 20mg.mL -1 , with reduction up to 92 days in contrast to control. A drastic reduction in the fecundity and fertility was observed, which highlight deleterious action of seed extract against reproductive potential of E. heros . This is the first report about toxicity A. mucosa (leaves and seed) on E. heros , and our results suggest that seeds extract of A. mucosa is promising for control of nymphs and adults of brown stink bug.
Highlights
The Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is pest in soybean crop (PANIZZI et al, 2012)
In seeds extract of A. mucosa the nymphs mortality was dependent of concentrations (χ2 = 66.98; df. = 5,54; P < 0.001), with mortality higher 90% of nymphs at concentrations of 5 mg.mL-1 and 80 mg.mL-1, which differ of control (< 10% nymphs death)
Contrasting results were observed for nymph treated with leaf extract, since that do not have difference between treatments (χ2 = 2.06; df. = 5,54; P = 0.84), which indicated inactivity of leaves extract against E. heros nymphs
Summary
The Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is pest in soybean crop (PANIZZI et al, 2012). Plants with insecticidal properties have been investigated as a strategy for pest control, with particular emphasis on substances of secondary metabolism, which are known to act as repellents, deterrents (oviposition or feeding) or may even be lethal to herbivorous insects (MITHOFER and BOLAND, 2012). They have different modes of action (EL-WAKEIL, 2013), which makes them interesting for researchers aiming to develop new insecticidal molecules
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