Potential of White Rot Fungi from Berbak-Sembilang National Park, Indonesia for Decolorization and Detoxification Commercial Direct Dyes

Abstract

Commercial direct dyes are frequently employed in the dyeing of Jumputan, a traditional craft originating from South Sumatra, Indonesia. The introduction of synthetic dyes into the environment can have a detrimental impact on ecosystem stability, necessitating the implementation of remedial measures. There has been a growing interest in the utilization of White Rot Fungi (WRF) as a viable biological agent for the purpose of decolorizing and detoxifying synthetic colors. However, it is imperative to investigate the isolated WRF from Berbak-Sembilang National Park (TNBS) due to the varying capacities of decolorization and detoxification exhibited by each WRF. The study involved 5 WRF from TNBS screened in solid media, and grown in a liquid medium containing commercial direct dyes (direct turquoise, direct orange and direct yellow). WRF grown on liquid medium contains a single dye, mixture dyes and temperature characterization. It measured decolorization, biomass and enzyme activities. Toxicity is measured by the BSLT method. The findings indicated that 3 specific fungi, namely Phellinus noxius (BRB 11), Lentinus sajor-caju (BRB 12) and Leotrametes menziesii (BRB 73), exhibited a significant capacity to remove the color from both individual and mixture of direct dyes through the production of laccase and MnP enzymes. The optimal temperature for decolorization of the mixture of direct dyes was 35 °C for BRB 11 (61.4 %) and BRB 73 (60.7 %), whereas BRB 12 (47.4 %) exhibited optimal temperature at 30 °C. The toxicity assay conducted using A. salina showed a progressive rise in the LC50 value, from 15.37 mgL−1 in the control group to a range of 21.63 - 35.84 mgL−1 in the treated group, indicating a detoxification process. However, the most toxic isolate was BRB 12. This study proposes the potential of 2 isolates, Phellinus noxius (BRB 11) and Leotrametes menziesii BRB 73, from TNBS for degradation of single and mixture dye wastewater in the environment. HIGHLIGHTS The discovery of 3 White Rot Fungi from TNBS (Indonesia) has the ability to remove color and reduce the level of toxicity of commercial direct dyes, both individual and mixture of commercial direct dyes. Uncovering one of White Rot Fungi has not been widely published for decolorization and detoxification commercial direct dyes, namely Leotrametes menziesii (BRB 73). The optimal temperature was 35 °C for decolorization of commercial direct dyes by Phellinus noxius (BRB 11) and Leotrametes menziesii (BRB 73) GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT