Abstract
This critical review report highlights the enormous potentiality and availability of renewable energy sources in the Gulf region. The earth suffers from extreme air pollution, climate changes, and extreme problems due to the enormous usage of underground carbon resources applications materialized in industrial, transport, and domestic sectors. The countries under Gulf Cooperation Council, i.e., Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, mainly explore those underground carbon resources for crude oil extraction and natural gas production. As a nonrenewable resource, these are bound to be exhausted in the near future. Hence, this review discusses the importance and feasibility of renewable sources in the Gulf region to persuade the scientific community to launch and explore renewable sources to obtain the maximum benefit in electric power generation. In most parts of the Gulf region, solar and wind energy sources are abundantly available. However, attempts to harness those resources are very limited. Furthermore, in this review report, innovative areas of advanced research (such as bioenergy, biomass) were proposed for the Gulf region to extract those resources at a higher magnitude to generate surplus power generation. Overall, this report clearly depicts the current scenario, current power demand, currently installed capacities, and the future strategies of power production from renewable power sources (viz., solar, wind, tidal, biomass, and bioenergy) in each and every part of the Gulf region.
Highlights
The scientific community and environmental professionals currently face the twin crises of declining fossil fuels and environmental degradation in the global renewable energy scenario
bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) can be classified as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to produce bioelectricity (Figure 2a), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to produce hydrogen (Figure 2b), microbial desalination cell (MDC) to desalinate sea/brackish water (Figure 2c), and microbial solar cells (MSCs) to produce electricity/chemicals (Figure 2d) [24,30,31]
Renewable energy sources have an abundance of promise and sustainability in Gulf countries
Summary
The scientific community and environmental professionals currently face the twin crises of declining fossil fuels and environmental degradation in the global renewable energy scenario. Researchers have reported that bioenergy has huge potential to develop power in the Gulf region In this regard, most of the GCC countries (viz., Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are putting their maximum efforts and dedication to harness the aforementioned renewable sources to generate electric power for all industrial sectors. Most of the GCC countries (viz., Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are putting their maximum efforts and dedication to harness the aforementioned renewable sources to generate electric power for all industrial sectors In this context, in this study, most of the renewable energy sources which are tangibly available in the developing Gulf countries are critically noted and elaborated in the ensuing sections
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