Abstract
ABSTRACT Potential of turmeric extract and its chemical fractions were evaluated to control the infestation of Bactrocera zonata peach fruit fly in a mortality-based bioassay. The turmeric extract (TE) was taken on Soxhelt's extraction apparatus and chemically fractioned by thin layer followed by column chromatography into 6 fractions (F1 ...F6). Fifty pairs of the flies were fed in cages with 250 and 500 ppm TE and its fractions separately for 20 days along with flies fed on untreated diet to serve as control. The toxicity of TE and each of its fractions was evaluated by calculating percent mortality of fly population after every 5th day in 4 consecutive intervals. Mortality of fly population was observed to be positively correlated with increasing concentrations of TE and its fractions in diet. The mortality of flies fed at 250 and 500 ppm TE was significantly higher at 44.17 and 66.33% compared to 28.88% in control. Percent mortality was much higher in case of flies fed with fractions F1, F3 and F6 i.e. 72.22, 50.00 and 48.76 respectively. Maximum rise of mortality was observed at the end of 3rd interval; in case of flies fed at 500 ppm TE, 52.45 percent mortality was observed at the end of 3rd interval; highest mortality was caused by fraction F1, 51.39% in case of flies fed at 250 ppm and 70.37% in case of those fed at 500 ppm.
Highlights
Peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata) is a common and widely spread specie in most the fruit growing areas of the world (Dhillon et al, 2005; Grewal, 1981)
In the first instance we carried out a toxicity assay using 250 and 500 ppm acetone extract of turmeric (TE) to find out if turmeric extract (TE) had any inhibitory effect on the flies
The mortality increased with the increasing concentration of TE, files fed at 250 ppm showed a mortality of 41.22 percent, significantly higher than 57.23 in control; at 500 ppm of TE fed in diet the mortality rose to 57.23 which was significantly higher than the mortality observed both in case of those fed at 250 ppm and on control, Table 2
Summary
Peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata) is a common and widely spread specie in most the fruit growing areas of the world (Dhillon et al, 2005; Grewal, 1981). Some of its major host plants include Psidium guajava (guava), Mangifera indica (mango), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Prunus persica (peach), Citrus spp. The fruit flies have gained more importance with respect to WTO’s quality regulations regarding sanitary and phyto-sanitary (SPS) standards, hazardous chemicals, post and pre harvest practices, export and quarantine laws (Datta et al, 2001; Enkerlin, 2007). Fruit fly infestation and its resultant consequences in the shape of pesticide residue and quality deterioration of fruits are putting adverse effects. The global loss accrued by fruit flies infestation ranges in billions of dollars (Stonnehouse; Mumford; Mustafa, 1998)
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