Abstract
BackgroundStructural component of plant biomass, lignocellulose, is the most abundant renewable resource in nature. Lignin is the most recalcitrant natural aromatic polymer and its degradation presents great challenge. Nowadays, the special attention is given to biological delignification, the process where white-rot fungi take the crucial place owing to strong ligninolytic enzyme system. However, fungal species, even strains, differ in potential to produce high active ligninolytic enzymes and consequently to delignify plant biomass. Therefore, the goals of the study were characterization of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases of numerous mushrooms as well as determination of their potential to delignify wheat straw, the plant raw material that, according to annual yield, takes the first place in Europe and the second one in the world.ResultsDuring wheat straw fermentation, Lentinus edodes HAI 858 produced the most active Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases (1443.2 U L−1 and 1045.5 U L−1, respectively), while Pleurotus eryngii HAI 711 was the best laccase producer (7804.3 U L−1). Visualized bends on zymogram confirmed these activities and demonstrated that laccases were the dominant ligninolytic enzymes in the studied species. Ganoderma lucidum BEOFB 435 showed considerable ability to degrade lignin (58.5%) and especially hemicellulose (74.8%), while the cellulose remained almost intact (0.7%). Remarkable selectivity in lignocellulose degradation was also noted in Pleurotus pulmonarius HAI 573 where degraded amounts of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose were in ratio of 50.4%:15.3%:3.8%.ConclusionsAccording to the presented results, it can be concluded that white-rot fungi, due to ligninolytic enzymes features and degradation potential, could be important participants in various biotechnological processes including biotransformation of lignocellulose residues/wastes in food, feed, paper and biofuels.
Highlights
Structural component of plant biomass, lignocellulose, is the most abundant renewable resource in nature
The peak of Mn-dependent peroxidase (MnP) activity (1443.2 U L−1) was observed in Lentinus edodes HAI 858 and slightly lower values were noted in Pleurotus pulmonarius HAI 573 (1294.2 U L−1), P. ostreatus HAI 592 (1243.7 U L−1) and P. eryngii HAI 193 (1096.0 U L−1)
The level of Mn-independent peroxidase (MnIP) activity was slightly lower and the maximum was noted in L. edodes HAI 858 (1045.5 U L−1)
Summary
Structural component of plant biomass, lignocellulose, is the most abundant renewable resource in nature. The goals of the study were characterization of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases of numerous mushrooms as well as determination of their potential to delignify wheat straw, the plant raw material that, according to annual yield, takes the first place in Europe and the second one in the world. Lignocellulose, a structural component of plant biomass, is considered to be the most abundant renewable organic resource in terrestrial environments It consists of a cellulose-hemicellulose matrix immersed in net of lignin, the most recalcitrant natural aromatic polymer [1]. Wheat straw takes the first place in Europe, with annual yield of 170 million tons, and the second one in the world [8, 9] It presents a promising, one of the cheapest and the most useful raw material for biotransformation in various products [6]. Bioconversion capacity varies depending on fungal species and/or strain, the objectives of this research were profiling of Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases of selected mushrooms as well as determination of their wheat straw delignification potential
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