Abstract
One of the major problems with pesticides is linked to the non-negligible proportion of the sprayed active ingredient that does not reach its intended target and contaminates environmental compartments. Here, we have implemented and provided new insights to the preventive bioremediation process based on the simultaneous application of the pesticide with pesticide-degrading microorganisms to reduce the risk of leaching into the environment. This study pioneers such a practice, in an actual farming context. The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide (2,4-D) and one of its bacterial mineralizing-strains (Cupriavidus necator JMP134) were used as models. The 2,4-D biodegradation was studied in soil microcosms planted with sensitive (mustard) and insensitive (wheat) plants. Simultaneous application of a 2,4-D commercial formulation (DAM®) at agricultural recommended doses with 105 cells.g−1 dw of soil of the JMP134 strain considerably accelerated mineralization of the herbicide since its persistence was reduced threefold for soil supplemented with the mineralizing bacterium without reducing the herbicide efficiency. Furthermore, the inoculation of the Cupriavidus necator strain did not significantly affect the α- and β-diversity of the bacterial community. By tackling the contamination immediately at source, the preventive bioremediation process proves to be an effective and promising way to reduce environmental contamination by agricultural pesticides.
Highlights
One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is the development of innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture as underlined by the recently launched farm to forkEuropean strategy (European Commission, 2020)
The present study focused on the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), which belongs to the phenoxy-acid chemical family (Mitchell and Hamner, 1944)
The inoculation of the 2,4-D-mineralizing C. necator rifampicin resistance (Rifr) strain concomitantly to the herbicide did not reduce the efficiency of the herbicide
Summary
One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is the development of innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture as underlined by the recently launched farm to forkEuropean strategy (European Commission, 2020). Agricultural practices should satisfy food demand and avoid risks for the environment and human health. Alternative solutions to pesticide use, such as biocontrol or bio-stimulation, are the subject of intense research but often their efficiency does not meet expectations (Syed Ab. Rahman et al, 2018; Ferreira et al, 2019; Köhl et al, 2019; Marian and Shimizu, 2019; Blake et al, 2020), limiting their use in practice for the moment. Pesticide use cannot yet be completely avoided and the remediation of pesticide-polluted environments is still of great interest. Biological remediation approaches, including phytoremediation (Del Buono et al, 2020)
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