Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of free-living bacteria that colonize the rhizosphere and benefit the root growth in plants. Bacteria of diverse genera such as Azospirillium, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, etc., were identified as PGPR. These PGPR exert a direct effect on plant growth by inducing the production of phytohormones, supplying biologically fixed nitrogen, and increasing the phosphorous uptake by the solubilization of inorganic phosphates. These bacteria affect plant growth by indirect mechanisms that involve suppression of bacterial, fungal, viral, and nematode pathogens. A lot of study showed that inoculation with PGPR resulted in significant yield increases in different crops, rooting of hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings, increased germination and enhanced emergence of seeds under different conditions, promoted nutrient uptake of roots, total biomass of the plants, increased seed weight, induced early flowering, etc. In this review, the importance of PGPR is discussed for agricultural innovations with special references that utilises direct and indirect plant growth promotion.
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