Potential of Orange Peel Ash as a Cement Replacement Material

Olumide Olu Olubajo,Osha Ade Odey,Basiru Abdullahi

doi:10.22178/pos.48-3

Olumide Olu Olubajo, Osha Ade Odey + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.48-3

Copy DOI

Abstract

The potential of Orange peel ash (OPA) as a cement replacement material was investigated with focus on the effect of OPA content on the physicomechnical properties such as consistency, setting times, soundness, compressive and flexural strengths of OPA-cement blend for cement replacement between 2.5-10% at 2.5% interval. The optimal calcination temperature and time of orange peel (OP) was achieved by calcining the OP at various temperature between (600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C) and time (1 hr. and 2 hrs.) respectively. The chemical compositions of the various orange peel ashes were determined using X-ray fluorescence equipment and the optimal conditions was obtained at 600 °C and 2 hours. The consistency and setting time tests were conducted with a Vicat apparatus on the binary cement pastes in accordance to ASTM standards. Results indicated an increase in the water required for consistency as the OPA content was increased from 2.5-10 % which was attributed to the unburnt carbon content present in the ash. Similarly, a gradual increase in the cement replacement with OPA resulted in a prolonged setting time which was could be attributed to the diminution of the clinker content and the higher water requirement for normal consistence. The soundness of the OPA cement blend experienced an increase in free lime content as the OPA content rose from 2.5-10 %. Both compressive and flexural strengths were found to decrease as the OPA content was gradually increased whereas an increase in the strengths were observed as the curing days progressed. It was also observed that 5% cement replacement with OPA did not adversely affect the strength in comparison to the OPC control due to the pozzolanic reaction which resulted in the enhanced strengths especially at 28 days.

Highlights

The development of a nation is not solely dependent on its technological insights and its infrastructure [27]
Chemical analysis revealed that orange peel calcined at 600 °C for 2 hours contained less than 70 % of SiO2 + Al2O3+Fe2O3 (27.70 %) while CaO content was 31% which met class C with CaO content > 10 %, the ash does not satisfy as a pozzolan according to [7]
The following conclusions on the investigation of Orange peel ash (OPA) as a potential cement replacement material are as follows: The optimal condition for calcination of orange peel sample was obtained at 600 °C for 2 hours having obtaining the highest SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 percentage as 27.70 % as compared to other OPA conditions

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The development of a nation is not solely dependent on its technological insights and its infrastructure [27]. Various research works have shown that calcined agro-wastes are mainly rich in amorphous silica and could be employed as a partial cement replacement and established that the amorphous silica present possesses pozzolanic properties which react with lime readily compared to crystalline silica This reaction has led to improved compressive strength which is an agreement with coal bottom ash cement blend from [19, 30], rice husk ash [9, 17, 26] and fly ash cement blend [10]. It tries to provide an optimum cement replacement for the orange peel to be employed as a cement replacement without hurting the cement properties which will contribute immensely to the future advancement in the green cement production eliminating the use of other additives

MATERIALS AND METHODS

AND DISCUSSION

Findings

CONCLUSION