Potential of Lactuca and Gyrocarpus Species: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Lactuca, a genus within the Asteraceae family, comprises a diverse group of herbaceous plants commonly known as lettuces. This review seeks to offer an extensive summary of Lactuca species, exploring their taxonomy, morphological diversity, nutritional content, medicinal properties, and potential agricultural and environmental applications. Lactuca runcinata, a species within the Lactuca genus, has been a subject of increasing interest in the field of pharmacology due to its potential medicinal properties. Based on recent studies, this review comprehensively examines the pharmacological activities associated with L. runcinata. The focus encompasses various aspects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, and other relevant pharmacological activities, shedding light on the therapeutic potential of this plant. Gyrocarpus, a distinctive genus within the family Hernandiaceae, comprises a group of intriguing flowering plants with a global distribution. Despite its relatively lesser-known status, botanists and researchers have been drawn to Gyrocarpus because of its distinctive traits and possible uses. This review strives to thoroughly examine Gyrocarpus, encompassing its taxonomy, morphology, ecological significance, phytochemistry, and potential uses in various fields. This plant species has a significant traditional usage history and is increasingly capturing the attention of the scientific community. This review seeks to offer a thorough examination of the therapeutic effects associated with Gyrocarpus asiaticus, relying on recent studies. The review encompasses diverse aspects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and other relevant pharmacological activities, shedding light on the potential therapeutic applications of this plant. This study’s primary objective is to comprehensively examine the chemical composition and medicinal properties associated with G. asiaticus Willd and L.R DC. These plants demonstrate significant antibacterial, anthelmintic, cardiotonic, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective properties. The evaluation of the toxicity of the plant extracts suggests their safety for animal consumption. G. asiaticus and L. runcinata contain diverse phytoconstituents that may contribute to their various pharmacological activities. This literature review serves as a foundational resource for phytochemical and pharmacological screening, affirming the safety of these plants for medicinal development. Researchers can leverage this information for further investigation and development of pharmaceutical interventions.