Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous metal that can seriously harm the health of animals and humans. In our previous study, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM639 can decrease Al burden in the tissues of mice by inhibiting intestinal Al absorption. The main aim of the present research was to investigate whether the protection by the strain is also associated with enhancement of the intestinal barrier, alleviation of oxidative stress and modulation of the inflammatory response. In an in vitro cell model, two protection modes (intervention and therapy) were examined and the results indicated that L. plantarum CCFM639 alleviated Al-induced cytotoxicity. In a mouse model, L. plantarum CCFM639 treatment was found to significantly alleviate oxidative stress in the intestinal tract, regulate the function of the intestinal mucosal immune system, restore the integrity of tight junction proteins and maintain intestinal permeability. These results suggest that in addition to Al sequestration, L. plantarum CCFM639 can also inhibit Al absorption by protecting the intestinal barrier, alleviating Al-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Therefore, L. plantarum CCFM639 has the potential to be a dietary supplement ingredient that provides protection against Al-induced gut injury.
Highlights
Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in nature and is widely used in daily life [1].The principal exposure route to Al for humans is through food, water and beverages [2]
The flow cytometry data indicate that the percentage of apoptotic cells in the control group was less than 10%, while Al exposure significantly increased the apoptotic cell count to 28.73% in the intervention assay and 32.85% in
This study demonstrated that chronic Al exposure can cause the disruption of tight junction (TJ) proteins, increase intestinal permeability and induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response
Summary
Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in nature and is widely used in daily life [1]. The principal exposure route to Al for humans is through food, water and beverages [2]. The mean levels of Al exposure via this route range from 0.2 to 1.5 mg/kg of body weight (bw) weekly in Europe and 1.3 mg/kg·bw/week for adults and 3.3 mg/kg·bw/week for children in China [3]. Food Safety Authority (EFSA) established a health-based guidance value for 1 mg/kg·bw/week, which is exceeded in China [4]. The excess Al could accumulate in most of the tissues, including brain, liver, kidneys, spleen and bone, and may cause Alzheimer’s disease, dialysis encephalopathy, microcytic anemia, and osteomalacia [5].
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