Abstract
Fluctuation in fossil fuel prices and the increasing awareness of environmental degradation have prompted the search for alternatives from renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is the most efficient alternative to fossil fuel substitution because it can be properly modified for current diesel engines. It is a vegetable oil-based fuel with similar properties to petroleum diesel. Generally, biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and highly efficient alternative for fossil fuel substitution. In Malaysia, oil palm is considered as the most valuable commodity crop and gives a high economic return to the country. However, the ethical challenge of food or fuel makes palm oil not an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, attention is shifted to non-edible feedstock like Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (Jatropha curcas L.). It is an inedible oil-bearing crop that can be processed into biodiesel. It has a high-seed yield that could be continually produced for up to 50 years. Furthermore, its utilization will have zero impact on food sources since the oil is poisonous for human and animal consumption. However, Jatropha biodiesel is still in its preliminary phase compared to palm oil-based biodiesel in Malaysia due to a lack of research and development. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the potential of Jatropha curcas as an eco-friendly biodiesel feedstock to promote socio-economic development and meet significantly growing energy demands even though the challenges for its implementation as a national biodiesel program might be longer.
Highlights
The depletion of crude oil reserves coupled with the awareness of environmental issues and escalating petroleum prices have stimulated the search for alternatives to reduce overdependence on conventional fossil fuels [1,2]
The immense profit of biodiesel in terms of rising fossil fuel values and the intention of decreasing the emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) are factors that contribute to the development of the biodiesel market in Malaysia
The government is encouraging private companies to launch more treating plants and improve biodiesel for vehicles and electricity generation. This is parallel with the post estimation of diesel vehicles, which accounts for approximately 5% of the motor vehicle population in Malaysia
Summary
The depletion of crude oil reserves coupled with the awareness of environmental issues and escalating petroleum prices have stimulated the search for alternatives to reduce overdependence on conventional fossil fuels [1,2]. Another study reported that global petroleum resources will be will be completely depleted within years [7] This situation result in annual oil in price completely depleted within. 2.34oils kg/month [13].as fatty acid alkyl esters or Biodiesel processed from animal fats and vegetable is defined fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) [14] It is typically synthesized from the reaction of triglycerides with. 3 ofor fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) [14] It is typically synthesized from the reaction of triglycerides with alcohol and a catalyst in a process known as transesterification (Figure 2). A longer fatty acid chain will enhance the synthesis of biodiesel products with a higher cetane number, which results in lower emissions of toxic NOx [21]. Resulting in a higher degree of saturation and viscosity [10]
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