Potential of Hard Candy Containing Spray-Dried Vernonia cinerea Extract with Total Phenolic Compounds, Total Flavonoids and Nicotine Replacement as an Anti-Smoking Aid

Rungtiwa Kanthain,Supawatchara Singhatong,Surapol Natakankitkul,Nathupakorn Dechsupa,Jirakrit Leelarungrayub

doi:10.5530/pj.2020.12.7

Abstract

Potential of Hard Candy Containing Spray-Dried Vernonia cinerea Extract with Total Phenolic Compounds, Total Flavonoids and Nicotine Replacement as an Anti-Smoking Aid

Highlights

Smoking prevalence tends to be highest among people with the lowest levels of education and income, especially those living in low and middleincome countries
Previous evidence has shown that behavioral counseling with pharmacotherapy via nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is successful,[5,6] and using NRT increased the rate of smoking cessation by 50-70%
Approximately 150 mL of condensed Vernonia cinerea (VC) juice was filtered before the dry extracts were prepared by spray drying at the Argo-industrial Business Service Center, Faculty of Agro-industry, or by freeze drying at the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Summary

Introduction

Smoking prevalence tends to be highest among people with the lowest levels of education and income, especially those living in low and middleincome countries. Current projections indicate that the number of smokers globally will increase to 1.6 billion over the 25 years.[1] the overall number of cigarette smokers decreased from 12.2 million to 10.86 million between 1991 and 2007, but the number of younger men (aged around 18 years) and women (aged about 22 years) smokers increased.[2] The Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) from the World Health Organization (WHO), was the first international health treaty to be endorsed by 180 countries, including Thailand, and it reported an increased annual consumption by over 500 cigarettes per adult.[3] The Thai Health Professional Alliance against Tobacco (ThaiPAT) was established in late 2005 and has been campaigning since 2007.4 The Thai government has been campaigning for a reduction in smoking rate by providing various services such as behavioral counseling and/or suggestions on how to quit using the one-stop service or 1,600 telephone lines, as well as smoking cessation clinics in many hospitals. Previous evidence has shown that behavioral counseling with pharmacotherapy via nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is successful,[5,6] and using NRT increased the rate of smoking cessation by 50-70%.7.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion