Potential of goats’ milk from Aceh hybrid and Etawa goats in producing specific anti-S. mutans antibodies as candidate antibodies for caries immunotherapy

Abstract

Background: Mother goats produce immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a specific antibody in serum, which is then transferred into milk as natural immunity for their children. Based on this, IgG from goat milk has the potential to replace the role of igg from mammalian blood in preventing caries. The goal of this study was to see if goat milk could be used to produce specific antibodies against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) as a candidate antibody for caries immunotherapy. Methods: In this study, pregnant goats were divided into two groups: control and treatment. The treatment group received an injection of S. mutans and then received the second injection, which was the administration of antigen added Freud adjuvant complete (booster 1) subcutaneously, and the third injection, which was the administration of antigen added Freud adjuvant complete (booster 1), and antigen added Freud adjuvant incomplete (booster 2). Blood serum was analyzed qualitatively using the Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT) method to determine antibody formation. Furthermore, colostrum and goat milk were analyzed using the Sandwich ELISA method to determine the formation of anti-S mutans IgG in colostrum and goat milk. Results: Pregnant goats that had been given booster 1 and 2 with a dose of antigen + Freud Adjuvant 1.5:0.5 produced anti-S. mutans antibody titers. Normal levels of IgG in goat colostrum range from 40-60 mg/ml while in milk 0.6-7.5 mg/ml and there is a decrease in the concentration of IgG anti-S. mutans in each week. Conclusions: Colostrum and goat milk produced contain IgG-anti S. mutans antibodies that can be used to prevent dental caries.