Potential of forage cactus pear accessions under saline water irrigation in arid areas

Abstract

Forage cactus pear has potential in arid areas of the world to be as one of the alternate foddersin the existing forage/fodder production system. Thirty three cactus accessions introducedunder Arabian Peninsula Research Program of International Center for Agriculture Researchin the Dry Areas in Oman in 2005 with an objective to identify suitable species for therehabilitation of degraded rangelands in arid and saline areas were planted in randomizedcomplete block design under plant density of 40,000 ha-1 with three replications on a sandyloam site under drip irrigation on December 2011 at Rumais Livestock Research Center inOman and evaluated annually during three consecutive years (2012 to 2014) followingstandard agronomic practices recommended worldwide for cactus cultivation. The irrigationwater electrical conductivity was 5.37 dSm-1 at the beginning of the experiment while it was6.01 dSm-1, 10.45 dSm-1 and 14.75 dSm-1, for the annual harvests on December 2012, 2013and 2014, respectively. The observations on plant height (cm) at harvest, number of pads/plant,weight/pad (kg) and green matter weight/plot were recorded at each harvest. The dry matterweight was estimated based on dry matter percentage of green samples. Green and dry matteryield/ha were estimated for their respective weights from experimental plots (3m x 3m). Theresults revealed that the cactus accessions were different (p<0.05) with respect to all thecharacters, such as plant height (45.75 to 82.00 cm), number of pads/plant (2.00 to 10.56),weight/pad (0.32 to 0.59 kg), green matter yield (46.99 to 331.58 t ha-1), dry matter yield (4.40to 33.38 t ha-1) and dry matter (8.29 to 13.00%). Ten cactus accessions had three-year freshannual fodder yield over 150 t ha-1. The accession No. 74112 from Mexico had significantlyhighest (p<0.05) annual pad yield (331.58 t ha-1) of all other accessions studied. Otheraccessions which were not different (p>0.05) but with important production were 4321 fromTunisia (197.67 t ha-1), 75018 from Morocco (195.33 t ha-1), 68247 from Algeria (185.78 t ha-1),73049 from Mexico (180.78 t ha-1) and 69241 from Tunisia (173.22 t ha-1). Results indicatedthe potential of cactus for fodder production under saline water in arid conditions (from 5.37 to14.75 dSm-1 during crop growth), with an average green fodder yield of 117.31 t ha-1 yr-1, ascompared with existing perennial Rhodes grass with an average of 80 to 100 t ha-1 yr-1. Hence,these cactus accessions could be included in the existing fodder production system or used for afforestation of degraded rangelands of Oman besides the farms affected by salinity to theextent of over 5.37 dSm-1.