Potential of Exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium marinum to Contend with Bacterial Proliferation, Biofilm Formation, and Breast Cancer.

Christine Gardarin,Nesrine Gargouch,Ines Karkouch,Slim Abdelkafi,Luc Picton,Céline Laroche,Chantal Pichon,Christophe Rihouey,Fatma Elleuch,Olfa Tabbene,Imen Fendri

doi:10.3390/md19020066

Abstract

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from marine microalgae are promising sources of a new generation of drugs. However, lot of them remain to be discovered and tested. In this study, EPS produced by Porphyridium marinum and its oligomers prepared by High Pressure Homogenizer have been tested for different biological activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities on Candida albicans, as well as for their effects on the viability of murine breast cancer cells. Results have shown that all EPS samples present some biological activity. For antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, the native EPS exhibited a better efficiency with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) from 62.5 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL depending on the bacterial strain. For Candida albicans, the biofilm formation was reduced by about 90% by using only a 31.3 µg/mL concentration. Concerning breast cancer cells, lower molar masses fractions appeared to be more efficient, with a reduction of viability of up to 55%. Finally, analyses of polymers composition and viscosity measurements were conducted on all samples, in order to propose hypotheses involving the activities caused by the intrinsic properties of polymers.

Highlights

In recent years, several studies have been conducted on bioactive molecules extracted from microalgal strains such as carbohydrate polymers, proteins, lipids and pigments whose biological and physicochemical properties can be used in the food, cosmetics, medical and pharmacological industries [1,2]
High Pressure Homogenization, which has been shown to be effective in reducing the molar masses of polysaccharides [9,10], has been applied to EPS produced by the red microalga P. marinum in order to obtain lower molar masses exopolysaccharides and to decrease their viscosity
EPS obtained from P. marinum were submitted to up to five cycles of High Pressure Homogenizer (HPH) at a pressure of 2.7 kbar and three exopolysaccharide fractions were recovered, such as untreated EPS (EPS-0C), EPS after two HPH passes (EPS-2C) and EPS

Summary

Introduction

Several studies have been conducted on bioactive molecules extracted from microalgal strains such as carbohydrate polymers, proteins, lipids and pigments whose biological and physicochemical properties can be used in the food, cosmetics, medical and pharmacological industries [1,2]. Among these microalgae, red microalgae, especially the genus Porphyridium and Rhodella, have attracted interest for their richness in sulfated exopolysaccharides (EPS). The structures of these exopolymers have not yet been elucidated except for some oligosaccharidic sequences [5]. These polymers have many potential activities, including antiviral, anti-tumor

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Results

Conclusion