Abstract
Rosmarinic acid is one of the main active components of Coleus blumei and is known to have numerous health benefits. The pharmacological significance of rosmarinic acid and its production through in vitro culture has been the subject of numerous studies. Here, the ability of different tissues to accumulate rosmarinic acid and sustainability in production over long cultivation have been tested. Calli, tumours, normal roots and hairy roots were established routinely by application of plant growth regulators or by transformation with agrobacteria. The differences among the established tumour lines were highly heterogeneous. Hairy root lines showed the highest mean growth rate and consistency in rosmarinic acid production. Although some tumour lines produced more rosmarinic acid than the hairy root lines, over a long cultivation period their productivity was unstable and decreased. Further, the effects of plant growth regulators on growth and rosmarinic acid accumulation were tested. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid significantly reduced tumour growth and rosmarinic acid production. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid strongly stimulated hairy root growth whilst abscisic acid strongly enhanced rosmarinic acid production. Hairy roots cultured in an airlift bioreactor exhibited the highest potential for mass production of rosmarinic acid.
Highlights
Plants are an important source of secondary metabolites which can be used as drugs, flavours, fragrances and pesticides
Callus was regenerated on young leaf explants cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L of kinetin [18,20]
Normal roots were regenerated on young leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
Summary
Plants are an important source of secondary metabolites which can be used as drugs, flavours, fragrances and pesticides. Plant breeding and yield of desired compounds are affected by different parameters such as genetic background, geography and climatic conditions. The use of plant tissue culture for the production of secondary metabolites is an alternative to the collection of wild plants or plant cultivation. The production of secondary metabolites o en depends on cellular differentiation and many secondary metabolites are preferably synthesized only in specific types of cells or tissues. The manipulation of growth and differentiation by culture medium composition, selection of high-producing cell lines and genetic modification give plant tissue culture great potential for useful and valuable metabolite production. Plant cell suspensions and plant organ cultures are used for production of different plant metabolites [1] and large-scale cultivation in bioreactors, which is already in use for industrial production of plant metabolites, is under extensive investigation [2]
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