POTENTIAL OF DIETHYL ETHER CLOVE (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) EXTRACT AGAINST DIFFERENT PATHOGENS AND IN COMBINATION WITH ANTIBIOTIC AGAINST MDR- RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Abstract

IN VITRO antimicrobial activity of different Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extracts was evaluated against 11 microbial strains sensitive to antibiotics. The antimicrobial activity was further evaluated against four clinical bacterial isolates resistant to antibiotics. The broad spectrum of activity was recorded for the diethyl ether extract comparative to other tested solvents. The clove extract was screened for its MIC against the tested strains, the MIC varied between 0.05 and 500μg/ml. The MIC of each clove extract and ciprofloxacin against the MDR- Staphylococcus aureus were also evaluated and found to be 1024 and 256μg/ml, respectively. The interaction between clove extract and ciprofloxacin was described in terms of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices with the resistant Staphylococcus aureus a synergistic effect was verified from this combination. Separation of phytochemicals of diethyl ether clove extract indicating the presence of three different compounds. The antimicrobial activity of each separated compound was detected against the sensitive strain Staphylococcus aureus and compared with the microbial activity of the entire crude extract which gave better activity compared to the separated fractions. Clove extract was characterized by GC/MS, eugenol (59.7%) and eugenol acetate (34.5%) were recorded as major constituents. The anti-cancer potentiality of clove extract was assessed with different concentrations against breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT-116) cancer cell lines. Growth inhibition percentage for colon cancer reached its maximum value (86.4%) at 125μg/ml, while, for breast cancer, it was 84.2% at 50μg/ml. The IC50 for breast and colon cancer were 26.5 and 27μg/ml, respectively.